Effect of Chemical and Physical Factors on Microalgae Metabolism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20535/ibb.2025.9.3.306265Keywords:
microalgae, heavy metal ions, lighting, ultrasound, UV irradiation, gamma radiation, carotenoids, chlorophylls, fatty acidsAbstract
Background. Modifying the metabolism of microalgae through chemical and physical environmental factors to obtain useful substances.
Objective. To summarize literature data on the effects of elevated concentrations of heavy metal ions on the biosynthesis of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and unsaturated fatty acids in microalgae, and to analyze the influence of lighting regimes as well as ultrasonic, ultraviolet, and gamma irradiation on the performance of various microalgae species.
Methods. A review and synthesis of literature data on the impact of increased heavy metal ion concentrations, lighting conditions, and exposure to ultrasound, UV, and gamma radiation on both the performance of different microalgae species and the biosynthesis of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and unsaturated fatty acids.
Results. The influence of physical and chemical environmental factors on nutrient biosynthesis in microalgae is species-specific. Elevated metal ion concentrations may either stimulate or inhibit the biosynthesis of various metabolites, including lipids, carotenoids, chlorophylls, proteins, and carbohydrates. Variations in light spectrum and intensity, as well as the frequency and duration of exposure to ultrasound, UV, and gamma radiation, can alter the metabolic pathways of microalgae in a species-dependent manner.
Conclusions. The metabolism of microalgae is influenced by cultivation parameters, species type, and the composition of the growth environment. Optimizing microalgae cultivation by adjusting physical and chemical abiotic factors for enhanced nutrient production requires a species-specific approach. The presented analysis forms a foundation for further research and the development of technological solutions aimed at boosting the biosynthesis of valuable compounds in microalgae.
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