Excisional Wound Morphological Characteristics Under the Influence of Medicinal Leech Biologically Active Substances

2025-02-02T00:40:10+02:00

Background. The stages of wound healing following surgery are generally consistent, but immune responses and increased inflammation can delay the normal healing process. As a result, additional support is crucial. Perfusion plays an important role in accelerating skin wound healing, and the saliva of medicinal leeches has been shown to enhance this process.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana on the morphological changes in an excisional wound.

Methods. An excisional wound was created in the interscapular region of animals in both the control and experimental groups. In the experimental groups, one medicinal leech was applied on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Tissue samples from the wound edge were collected immediately after leech application, and then at days 3, 7, 14, and 30 during the healing process. These samples were processed using standard histological techniques.

Results. In the experimental group, intensive formation of granulation tissue was observed as early as day 3, compared to the control group. An increase in the thickness of the papillary layer, which was vascularized and supported epidermal nutrition, was noted in the experimental group at almost all time points. This may have contributed to enhanced proliferation processes, an increase in the number of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and a reduction in scar size. On day 3, the number of leukocytes decreased, signaling a reduction in inflammation compared to the control group. By day 7, a significant reduction in subcutaneous tissue and the areas of hair follicles and sebaceous glands was observed, suggesting an increase in basal metabolic activity.

Conclusions. The complex of biologically active substances from the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana positively affects the processes of reparative regeneration in excisional wounds, accelerating all stages of wound healing. It significantly increases the number of newly formed hair follicles and blood vessels, directly indicating the regenerative properties of these substances.

Effect of Chemical and Physical Factors on Microalgae Metabolism

2024-06-15T22:59:24+03:00

Background. Modifying the metabolism of microalgae through chemical and physical environmental factors to obtain useful substances.

Objective. To summarize literature data on the effects of elevated concentrations of heavy metal ions on the biosynthesis of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and unsaturated fatty acids in microalgae, and to analyze the influence of lighting regimes as well as ultrasonic, ultraviolet, and gamma irradiation on the performance of various microalgae species.

Methods. A review and synthesis of literature data on the impact of increased heavy metal ion concentrations, lighting conditions, and exposure to ultrasound, UV, and gamma radiation on both the performance of different microalgae species and the biosynthesis of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and unsaturated fatty acids.

Results. The influence of physical and chemical environmental factors on nutrient biosynthesis in microalgae is species-specific. Elevated metal ion concentrations may either stimulate or inhibit the biosynthesis of various metabolites, including lipids, carotenoids, chlorophylls, proteins, and carbohydrates. Variations in light spectrum and intensity, as well as the frequency and duration of exposure to ultrasound, UV, and gamma radiation, can alter the metabolic pathways of microalgae in a species-dependent manner.

Conclusions. The metabolism of microalgae is influenced by cultivation parameters, species type, and the composition of the growth environment. Optimizing microalgae cultivation by adjusting physical and chemical abiotic factors for enhanced nutrient production requires a species-specific approach. The presented analysis forms a foundation for further research and the development of technological solutions aimed at boosting the biosynthesis of valuable compounds in microalgae.

Innovative Biosystems and Bioengineering

Excisional Wound Morphological Characteristics Under the Influence of Medicinal Leech Biologically Active Substances

Effect of Chemical and Physical Factors on Microalgae Metabolism