Modern Methods of Processing and Utilization of Grain Distillery Spent Wash

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20535/ibb.2018.2.2.125733

Keywords:

Distillery spent wash, Utilization, Processing, Fertigation, Drying, Aerobic digestion, Fodder yeast, Anaerobic digestion, Biogas

Abstract

Across the world, the alcohol industry has faced the problem of accumulation of waste alcohol production distillery spent wash. Due to high chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, specific color and odor, low pH, disposal of such waste in the filtration fields or discharge into the reservoir is impossible. The purpose of this article is: (1) analysis of existing methods for processing grain distillery spent wash; (2) definition of tasks that need to be solved for its effective utilization; (3) determination of the most promising and effective methods for processing the grain distillery spent wash. It is established that the existing methods of its processing are biological and physico-chemical and the use in agriculture of both raw distillery spent wash and products of its processing. The simplest methods of utilization of the grain distillery spent wash are its use for feeding cattle or fertigation, since a wide range of mineral and nutrient substances is present in the distillery spent wash. Due to the formation of large volumes of these wastes and their rapid souring, these methods are ineffective. Today, methods are used for obtaining mixed fodders from distillery spent wash by evaporating, drying and granulating the solid fraction of the spent wash. Since the distillery spent wash has a high humidity, the production of mixed fodder from it is unprofitable. Aerobic treatment of the distillery spent wash justifies itself only when using the separation of solid and liquid fractions, during the subsequent processing of the liquid fraction. Another way to increase the effectiveness of aerobic treatment is to use a complex of mesophilic and thermophilic aerobic bacteria, which complicates the process of distillery spent wash utilization. At present time, the methods of anaerobic digestion of the distillery spent wash with the production of biogas are being investigated. The problem is a low pH, which inhibits the process of methanogenesis. Therefore, research in the direction of pH stabilization and the technology of conducting the fermentation process is an urgent task of processing distillery spent wash. Due to the formation of an energy carrier and the waste transformation into high-quality fertilizer (anaerobic digestion products), this method is effective and economically viable.

References

Afdc.energy.gov. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Maps and Data - Global Ethanol Production [Internet]. Afdc.energy.gov; 2012 [updated 2016 March, cited 2018 February 3]. Available from: https://www.afdc.energy.gov/data/10331

"Ukrspirt" in 2014 reduced the production of alcohol by 20% [Internet]. Informational Agency Interfax-Ukraine [updated 2015 Jan 22; cited 2017 Oct 12]. Available from: http://interfax.com.ua/news/economic/246107.html

Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine [Internet]. Ukrspirt – a tender offer Bleskun S.V.; 2015 Dec [cited 2017 Jun 6]. Available from: http://minagro.gov.ua/system/files/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%20%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9%20%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.pdf

Kuznetsov IN, Ruchaj NS. Obtaining protein-containing fodder additive for complex processing of distillery spent wash. Agriculture – Problems and Perspectives. 2012;18:156-65.

Moraes B, Zaiat M, Bonomi A. Anaerobic digestion of vinasse from sugarcane ethanol production in Brazil: Challenges and perspectives. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2015;44:888-903. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.023

Kumar V, Wati L, Fitz Gibbon F, Nigan P. Bioremediation and decolorization of anaerobically digested distillery spentwash. Biotech Lett. 1997;19:311-3.

Kumar S, Sahay SS, Sinha MK. Bioassay of distillery effluent on Common Guppy, Lebistes reticulates (Peter). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1995;54:309-16. DOI: 10.1007/BF00197446

Galdos M, Cavalett O, Seabra J, Nogueira L, Bonomi A. Trends in global warming and human health impacts related to Brazilian sugarcane ethanol production considering black carbon emissions. Appl Energy. 2013;104:576-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.002

Wilkie A, Riedesel K, Owens J. Stillage characterization and anaerobic treatment of ethanol stillage from conventional and cellulosic feedstocks. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2000;19(2):63-102. DOI: 10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00017-9

Pandey R, Malhotra S, Tankhiwale A, Pande S, Pathe P, Kaul S. Treatment of biologically treated distillery effluent - A case study. Int J Environ Studies. 2003;60(3):263-75. DOI: 10.1080/00207230290024270

Sharma S, Sharma A, Singh P, Soni P, Sharma S, Sharma P, et al. Impact of distillery soil leachate on haematology of swiss albino mice (Mus musculus). Bull Environ Contamin Toxicol. 2007;79(3):273-7. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9225-4

Strickland RC, Griffith RL, Beck MJ, Watson JR. Conversion of hardwoods to ethanol: The Tennessee Valley Authority approach. In: Energy from Biomassand Wastes XI. Chicago, IL: Institute of Gas Technology; 1988. p. 981-96.

Eremektar G, Tunay O, Orhon D, Gonenc E. The pollution profile of alcohol distilleries treating beet sugar molasses. Water Sci Technol. 1995;32(12):181-8.

Khyzhnyak MI, Ts’on’ NI. Distillery spent wash as a valuable feed additive and organic fertilizer in agriculture. Fisheries Science of Ukraine. 2010;2:122-30.

Hillel D, Hatfield JL, Powlson DS, Rosenzweig C, Scow KM, Singer MJ, et al. Encyclopedia of soils in the environment (4 volumes). Amsterdam: Hardbound: Elsevier Academic Press; 2005. 2119 p.

Krzywonos M, Cibis E, Miśkiewicz T, Ryznar-Luty A. Utilization and biodegradation of starch stillage (distillery wastewater). Electron J Biotechnol. 2009;12(1):1-9. DOI: 10.2225/vol12-issue1-fulltext-5

Chidankumar CS, Chandraju S, Nagendraswamy R. Impact of distillery spentwash irrigation on the yields of top vegetables (creepers). World Appl Sci J. 2009;6(9):1270-73.

Ramanand NJ, Dhananjay BS, Sachin DN, Vasimshaih AK, Sanjay BA. Impact of distillery spent wash irrigation on agricultural soil. In: Stake K, Lin GF, Park N, editors. Advances in Geosciences. Vol. 23. Hydrological Sciences. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company; 2010. P. 341-54.

Rajesh K, Verma C. Utilization of distillery waste water in fertigation: A beneficial use. Int J Res Chem Environ. 2014 Oct;4:1-9.

Parivesh B, East AN. Management of distillery wastewater. Delhi: M/s. Vinayak Press; 2001. 20 p.

Marinchenko VO, Karputina MV, Icaienko VM. Influence of technological methods on the efficiency of waste application of alcohol production. Food Industry. 2003;2:11-2.

Polygalina GV. Technochemical control of alcohol and alcoholic beverages production. Mocsow: Kolos; 1999. 336 p.

Carioca JOB, Arora HL, Khan AS. Technological and socio-economic aspects of cassava based autonomous minidistilleries in Brazil. Biomass. 1981 Oct;1(2):99-114. DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(81)90019-6

Androsov AL, Elizarov IA, Tretyakov AA. Industrial technologies of distillery spent wash processing. Herald TSTU. 2010;16(4):954-63.

Rimaryeva L, Lozanskaya T, Khudyakova N. Fodder yeasts on the basis of distillery spent wash. Compound Feeds. 2013;7:41-2.

Sheehan GJ, Greenfield PF. Utilisation, treatment and disposal of distillery wastewater. Water Res. 1980;14:257-77.

Singh A, Bajar S, Bishnoi N, Singh N. Laccase production by Aspergillus heteromorphus using distillery spent wash and lignocellulosic biomass. J Hazardous Mater. 2010;176(1-3):1079-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.120

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.120" target="_blank">

Kuznetsov EV, Shchekoldin YaA. Method for utilization of distillery spent wash for agricultural purposes and a system for its implementation [Internet]. Freepatent.ru. 2009 [cited 6 June 2017]. Available from: http://www.freepatent.ru/patents/2371426

Thakur IS. Industrial biotechnology: Problems and remedies. New Delhi: IK International Publishing House; 2006. 336 p.

Kuznetsov IN, Ruchaj NS. Analysis of world experience in the technology of processing distillery spent wash. Proceedings of the BSTU. Ser. 4. Сhemistry and Technology of Organic Substances and Biotechnology. 2010;1(4):294-301.

Smith RE, Fargey TR. Studies on the biological stabilization of thin stillage. I. Aerobic fermentation. Canadian J Microbiol. 1965;11:561-71. DOI: 10.1139/m65-073

Bezuneh T. The role of microorganisms in distillery wastewater treatment: A review. J Bioremed Biodegrad. 2016;07(06). DOI: 10.4172/2155-6199.1000375.

Krzywonos M, Cibis E, Ryznar-Luty A, Miśkiewicz T, Borowiak D. Aerobic biodegradation of wheat stillage (distillery wastewater) at an elevated temperature – Effect of solids separation. Biochem Eng J. 2010;49(1):1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.11.003

Krzywonos M, Cibis E, Miśkiewicz T, Kent C. Effect of temperature on the efficiency of the thermo- and mesophilic aerobic batch biodegradation of high-strength distillery wastewater (potato stillage). Biores Technol. 2008;99(16):7816-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.063

Lutosławski K., Ryznar-Luty A., Cibis E, Krzywonos M, Miskiewicz T. Biodegradation of beet molasses vinasse by a mixed culture of micro organisms: Effect of aeration conditions and pH control. J Environ Sci. 2011;23(11):1823-30. DOI: 10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60579-7

Jiménez A, Borja R, Martı́n A. Aerobic-anaerobic biodegradation of beet molasses alcoholic fermentation wastewater. Process Biochem. 2003;38(9):1275-84. DOI: 10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00325-4

Brik MT, Golubev VN, Chagarovskii AP. Membrane technology in the food industry. Кyiv: Urozhaj; 1991. 224 p.

Gelfand ED. The production of biogas is a promising direction for the utilization of the distillery spent wash. Manufacture of Alcohol Liqueur & Vodka Products. 2012; 4:24-25.

Lata K, Kansal A, Balakrishnan M, Rajeshwari K, Kishore V. Assessment of biomethanation potential of selected industrial organic effluents in India. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2002;35(3):147-61. DOI: 10.1016/S0921-3449(01)00112-4

Pathe P, Rao N, Kharwade M, Lakhe S, Kaul S. Performance evaluation of a full scale effluent treatment plant for distillery spent wash. Int J Environ Stud. 2002;59(4):415-438. DOI: 10.1080/00207230212743

Sheehan G, Greenfield P. Utilisation, treatment and disposal of distillery wastewater. Water Res. 1980;14(3):257-77. DOI: 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90097-4.

Koshel M, Dudnik A, Karanov Yu, Liptus V, Dobrylovsky B. Disposal of distillery spent wash and wastewater treatment with protein feed and biogas. Propozutsiya [Internet]. 2002 [cited 10 May 2018];11:19. Available from: http://propozitsiya.com/ua/utilizaciya-pislyaspirtovoyi-bardi-i-ochishchennya-stokiv-z-oderzhannyam-bilkovogo-kormu-y-biogazu

Rana R, Singh P, Kandari V, Singh R, Dobhal R, Gupta S. A review on characterization and bioremediation of pharmaceutical industries’ wastewater: an Indian perspective. Appl Water Sci. 2014;7(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s13201-014-0225-3

Gujer W, Zehnder AJB. Review paper-anaerobic treatment of wastewater in fixed film reactors. Water Sci Technol. 1983;15:1-120. DOI: 10.2166/wst.1983.0161

Mohana S, Acharya B, Madamwar D. Distillery spent wash: Treatment technologies and potential applications. J Hazard Mater. 2009;163(1):12-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.079

Lalov IG, Krysteva MA, Phelouzat JL. Improvement of biogas production from vinasse via covalently immobilized methanogens. Biores Technol. 2001;79:83-5.

Pérez-García M, Romero-García LI, Rodríguez-Cano R, Sales-Márquez D. Effect of the pH influent conditions in fixed film rectors for anaerobic thermophilic treatment of wine-distillery wastewater. Water Sci Technol. 2005; 51: 183-9.

Van Lier JB, Tilche A, Ahring BK. New perspectives in anaerobic digestion. Water Sci Technol. 2001; 43: 1-18.

Siles J, García-García I, Martín A, Martín M. Integrated ozonation and biomethanization treatments of vinasse derived from ethanol manufacturing. J Hazard Mater. 2011;188(1-3):247-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.096

Lafi W, Al-Qodah Z. Combined advanced oxidation and biological treatment processes for the removal of pesticides from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater. 2006;137(1):489-97. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.027

Malato S, Blanco J, Fernández-Alba A, Agüera A. Solar photocatalytic mineralization of commercial pesticides: Acrinathrin. Chemosphere. 2000;40(4):403-9. DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00267-2

Martı́n M, Raposo F, Borja R, Martı́n A. Kinetic study of the anaerobic digestion of vinasse pretreated with ozone, ozone plus ultraviolet light, and ozone plus ultraviolet light in the presence of titanium dioxide. Process Biochem. 2002;37(7):699-706. DOI: 10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00260-6.

Eskicioglu C, Kennedy K, Marin J, Strehler B. Anaerobic digestion of whole stillage from dry-grind corn ethanol plant under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Biores Technol. 2011;102(2):1079-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.061

Kida K, Sonoda Y. Influence of mineral nutrients on high performance during anaerobic treatment of distillery wastewater from barley-shochu making. J Ferment Bioeng. 1993;75(3):235-7. DOI: 10.1016/0922-338X(93)90125-R

Hutnan M, Hornak M, Bodik I, Hlavacka V. Anaerobic treatment of wheat stillage. Chem Biochem Eng Q. 2003;17(3):233-41.

Kuznetsov IN, Ruchaj NS, Lembovich AI. Change in the composition of the distillery spent wash in anaerobic and enzymatic treatment. Proc BSTU. Ser 4: Сhemistry and Technology of Organic Substances and Biotechnology. 2011;19:289-95.

Dyganova RYa, Belyaeva RYa. Experimental determination of the optimal composition of a complex substrate for anaerobic digestion in the alcohol industry. Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014;16(6):1737-40.

Venkatasamy G, Aruna S. Treatment of distillery spent wash in upflow anaerobic contact filter. Іndian J Appl Res. 2013;3(7):199-200.

Deshmukh HV. Еconomic feasibility and pollution abetment study of biogas production process utilizing admixture of ipomoea carnea and distillery waste. J Environ Res Develop. 2012;7(2):633-42.

Shukla Bhalerao VP, Tejomyee S. Comparative study of biogas production from different food wastes. J Environ Res Develop. 2010;4(4):958-63.

Babel S, Sae-Tang J, Pechoraply A. Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage and brewery sludge for biogas production and land applications. Int J Environ Sci Tech. 2009;6(1):131-40. DOI: 10.1007/BF03326067

Mise SR, Saranadgoudar R, Lamkhade R. Treatment of distillery spent wash by anaerobic digestion process. Int J Res Eng Technol. 2013;11:310-3.

Golub NB, Potapova MV. Ratio of cosobrates influence on the output of biogas upon utilization of distillery spent wash. Vidnovluvana Energetika. 2017;2:90-7.

Stepanov DV, Tkachenko CJ, Ranskij AP. Assessment of the possibility of obtaining energy from organic waste taking into account the technogenic loading on the environment. Scientific Works of VNTU. 2012;1:1-7.

Kuris YuV, Tkachenko SI, Semenenko NV. Ways of biogas utilizing. Energosberezhenie. Energetika. Energoaudit. 2010;7:20-30.

Published

2018-06-25

How to Cite

1.
Golub N, Potapova M. Modern Methods of Processing and Utilization of Grain Distillery Spent Wash. Innov Biosyst Bioeng [Internet]. 2018Jun.25 [cited 2024Dec.10];2(2):125-34. Available from: https://ibb.kpi.ua/article/view/125733

Issue

Section

Articles